Q. How do I cite in Chicago style?

ELAC Chicago Style Citation Guide

When to use Chicago Style? Chicago format is most often used in History. Always check your assignment guidelines or ask your professor which citation style you should be using.

How to use Chicago Style? There are two ways to use the Chicago Style:

1. The notes-bibliography system: uses a bibliography and either footnotes or endnotes.

• Use a footnote or endnote to acknowledge that you are quoting or paraphrasing another author's words or ideas in the text of your research paper.
• Place a super-text number at the end of a quote or paraphrased section.* Citation numbers should appear in sequential order.
• Create a footnote at the bottom of the page.*
• The first footnote for a source contains the author, title, publication information, and page number(s). The remaining footnotes (shortened notes) for the same source contain only the author, title, and page number(s).
• Examples

2. The author-date system: uses a bibliography and parenthetical citations within the text.

• Use an in-text citation to acknowledge that you are quoting or paraphrasing another author's words or ideas in the text of your research paper.
• The in-text citation appears in parentheses and includes (Author's Last Name(s) Year of Publication, Page Numbers)
• Examples

Both of these systems require a Bibliography:

• Include a reference list at the end of your paper titled Bibliography. The list should begin on a new page and contain a full citation for each in-text citation referenced within your paper.
• Leave two blank lines between your bibliography title and the first citation.
• Citations should be single-spaced with a hanging indent. Leave one blank line between each citation.
• Each full citation should include the specific publication information required by Chicago rules. This allows your reader to find the sources, if desired.
• Arrange the citations alphabetically by the first word in each entry. This is usually the author's last name but may be the title if the source has no author.
• The way a bibliographic entry is structured will be the same regardless of which in-text citation style you use, with one exception: if you used author-date as your in-text citation style, you will place the publication date immediately after the author section, as opposed to at/near the end. This makes it easier for readers to find the appropriate citation in your reference list.

Formatting: Follow this link to specific rules on formatting: Western Oregon University's Guide to Chicago

Helpful Resources:

• Excelsior OWL Chicago Guide Link
• Citing in Chicago How To Video